Personalised Medicine: Tailoring treatments for Individual Patients
Introduction:
Personalised medicine is refers to the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. The approach relies on scientific breakthroughs in our understanding of how a person unique molecular and genetic profile makes them susceptible to certain disease. It may be consider an extension of traditional approaches to understanding and treating diseases. The same research is considering our ability to predict which medical treatment will be safe and efficacy for each patient and which one will be not.
Personalised medicine has the potential to change the way we think about identity and manage health problems. It is already having an existing impact on both clinical research and patient care .
Benefits:
Shift emphasis in medicine from reaction to prevention.
Increase safety, reduce adverse drug reactions
Increase patient compliance
Select optimal therapies
Reduce the time, cost, and failure rate of clinical trails
Reduce the overall cost of healthcare
Challenges:
In personalised medicine the main challenge is cost.
Other is the complexibility of analyzing and interpreting large amounts of genetic and molecular data
Lack of response to the treatment
A delay in the patient receiving a treatment that is better for them
A waste of the medicine itself
An adverse reaction that could have been avoide
Tailoring medications to individual needs:
Personalised medicine goes beyond simply identifying genetic varations and also extends to tailoring medications to individual needs.
By analyzing genetic data, healthcare providers can prescribe medications with greater precision, avoiding potential adverse reactions and optimizing treatments.
In personalised medicine affordability is another important aspect of healthcare.
To avoid any allergic and adverse effects.
Personalised medicined other terms
Precision medicine
Stratified medicine
Targeted medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Why we need personalised medicine?
Responds to normal dose
Response to lower dose
Response to higher dose
Response to alternative medications
Pharmacogenomics:
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how the action of and the reaction to drugs vary with the patients genes
The study of the relationship between genetics factors and the nature of response to drugs
In humans, genes influence rase, hair and eye color, gender, height, weight, aspects of behavior and even the likelihood of developing certain diseases
he study is still new, pharmacogenetics promises to offer great benefits in drug effectiveness and safety
encompasses pharmacogenetics which employs tools for surveying the entire genome to assess multigenetic determinants in drug response
Advantages
To predict a patents response to drug
To improve rational drug development
To screen and monitor certain disease
To develop more powerful and safe vaccines
Diminishes the duration and severity of illness
Disadvantages
Expensiveness
Incorrect diagnostic result
Insufficient validation of study results
Ethical issues
Pharmacogenetics in clinical practice
The development has been slowed by various scientific, commercial, educational barriers.
3 major types of evidence that should accumulate in order to implicate a polymorphism in clinical care
Screen of tissues from multiple humans linking the polymorphism to a trait
Complementary preclinical functions studies indicating that the polymorphism is linked with the phenotype
Conclusion
Health systems will turn from reactive medicine to protective understanding and supporting individual in managing their own health. Increasing the number of alliances between diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies. To personalise treatment as it looks at the contribution of both genetics and environmental factors to the drug effects. Personalised medicine has arrived and is making into mortality and morbilty
Reference
Student Name: Ayesha siddiqua
Student ID: 143/072023
Qualification: B. Pharmacy
e-Mail ID: ayeshasiddiqua2030@gmail.com
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