STEM CELLS IN RESEARCH

  STEM CELLS IN RESEARCH

Its research started in 19 century in Europe, ERNST HAECKEL coined the term stem cell.

Stem cells are special human cells where from which other human cells can be generated with specific functions.

CHARACTERISTICS: 

1] Unspecialized & renewable cells, a stem cell can either remain in to a stem cell or it could differentiate into other cells with specific function.

2] A stem cell can become to tissue or organ with specific function.

The following are the types of stem cells:

✓ EMBRYONIC stem cells – source is early stages of embryo as it can develop into more than 200 cell types.

✓ ADULT stem cells – found in specific tissues (bone marrow, fat deposits); brain, teeth, skin. Its main advantage is that it can be used for stem cell donation.

✓ MESENCHYMAL cells- isolated adult cells (umbilical cord tissue, amniotic fluid)

✓ INDUCED PLURIPOTENT stem cells- derived from adult somatic cells by introducing genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc)

EXTRACTION : Life span of stem cells varies ( some live for 5 months and some live for more than 3 years ). These are isolated from donars bone marrow, umbilical cord of new born baby, circulating blood of adults gut & bone marrow to develop in to new body tissue for transplanting into a recipient.

SIDE EFFECTS for stem cell transplantation : Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhoea. These are generally observed in first 100 days of stem cell transplantation.

   PROCESS OF STEM CELL CULTURE

 

                                                     

DISEASES THAT TREATED BY STEM CELLS :

With many advancements in stem cell research and their applications in research are offering treatment to many diseases like spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, heart stroke, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis. 

✓ There are few difficulties associated with embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells is that , adult stem cells cannot be transformed in to other cell types because they may contain some environmental hazards, toxins, and errors caused during cell replication where as embryonic stem cells alerts immune response in recipient during transplantation hence there may have chance to withdrawl of organ or tissue.

Although we have many difficulties associated with stem cell therapy there is a hope of many untreatable neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac disorders gets treated with stem cell therapy in future. Stem cell banking are becoming popular so it becomes as a source for regenerative medicine against present and future diseases.

REFERENCES:

 1) http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/Pages/Default.aspx

2)http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141020141535.htm

Name : chatti Harshini

Qualification : B pharmacy

College name : Vikas institute of pharmaceutical sciences

Intern at clinosol

Clinosol I'd : CSRPL_INT_ONL_WKD_154/721