Nanotechnology against COVID-19

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Nanotechnology against COVID-19 

⚫ Nanotechnology is employed in diagnostic and therapeutic applications both outside the body and in vivo. In particular, it is used in the form of biosensors and drug delivery agents, many of which are applicable in combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. 

  

Nanotechnology as a shield against covid 

⚫ The application of nanotechnology to human health is termed as “Nanomedicine”. 

⚫ Nanomedicine & its components can play a major role in various stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment vaccination and research related to COVID-19. 

⚫ Anti-viral functional for nanoparticles can be target binding, replication and budding of COVID-19. 

Application of Nanotechnology in COVID-19 therapeutics 

⚫ NPs are tools that can reproduce the structural and functional properties of viruses, and nanomedicine can be the best alternative to innovative vaccine development technologies. 

⚫ The nanotechnology and nanomedicine are presented as new therapeutic technologies an approaches that can have aclinical impact. 

These also includes: 

◆ Theranostic Nanoparticles 

◆ Intranasal delivery therapy 

◆ Pulmonary delivery using NP inhalation aerosals 

 

Representation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the nanotechnology tools to prevent and control COVID-19 

Nanotechnologies in Diagnosis of COVID-19 

✓ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 is performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS). 

✓ Chest Computed Tomography (CT) is also optional imaging method for CVID-19. 

✓ Presently RT-PCR is recognized as most effective method for coronavirus detection.  

✓ Twenty-two in vitro diagnostic methods were authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA), which also includes RTPCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. 

✓ New diagnostic method: 

 Example: Abbott has been developed a 5-min rapid test dependent on isothermal amplication of nucleic acid. This kit detects the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of COVID-19. 

✓ A serological testing such as IgM and IgG, is used to confirm COVID-19, which can display results after 10 to 30 day of infection, withinn minutes. 

Nanotechnologies in treatment of COVID-19 

✓ In COVID-19 therapy, nanotechnology has broad applications and can act in different stages of the disease, with the potential to inhibit virus-cell interaction, membrane fusion, cell internalization, transcription, translation, and viral replication, in addition to activating intracellular mechanisms that cause irreversible damage to viruses. 

✓ Nanoparticles (NPs) (organic and inorganic) have attracted considerable attention due to their properties. 

✓ In the case of inorganic NPs (INPs), such features include luminescence, tunable size, shape, composition, large surface-volume ratio, and the ability to expose multiple interaction sites on the surface. 

✓ The most commons types of inorganics NPs are mesoporous silica NPs, iron oxide NPs, and metallic NPs (gold, silver). Organic NPs are also advantageous due to the possibility of sitespecific targeting of drugs, control drug release, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity.  

✓ The most used organic NPs include polymeric and lipid-based NPs, dendrimers, extracellular vesicles (or exosomes), liposomes, and nanomicelles. 

Potential research targets of nanotechnology to fight against COVID-19. 

 

Conclusion: 

➢ Research addressing the aetiology, epidemiology, mechanism of pathogenesis and detailed host immune response to the virus needs to work together to develop diagnostics, treatments and other control measures to combat the epidemic. 

➢ Furthermore, nano-based formulations may decrease the development of antiviral resistance, which is a common problem for many conventional antiviral drugs currently available References: 

1. Dhama K, Pawaiya RVS, Chakrabort S, Tiwari R, Saminathan M, Verma AK. Coronavirus infection in equines: a review. Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 2014;9:164–76. 

2. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16:69. 

3. D.E. Bloom, D. Cadarette. Infectious disease threats in the twenty-first century: strengthening the global response 

4. C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China 

5. Stat nano. Nanoparticles Cast New Light on Mysterious Coronavirus; Treatment Is Around Corner. Nano Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 

 

 Name: K. Kavya

College: Jawaharlal Technological University Hyderabad.

Qualification: M.pharmacy

Clinosol ID : 166/0821