Artificial Intelligence-The Beginning of a New Era in Pharmacy Profession

Artificial Intelligence-The Beginning of a New Era in Pharmacy Profession

J.Manashwini, R.Vidya, D.Shravya, Shireen Tabassum

                                                        

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY

    The year 1956 is usually considered to be the year when AI was born, as it was in 1956 that Dartmouth College had organized the famous conference. However, the preceding year, that is, 1955, saw its first AI system that was called Logic Theorist and the people who developed it was Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon. Nearly, 40 theorems of Principia Mathematica by Alfred N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russell were proved using this system. However, the designers of the system could not get it published.

       In an interview with the BBC, theoretical physicist, Professor Stephen  Hawking, had said that human efforts to create machines that can think are a huge threat to the existence of human race and that the race to develop a complete AI could mean that the human race would come to an end in the future. However, the warning of Professor Stephen Hawking has not been taken seriously by the world. Throughout the world, innumerable researches are being carried out on AI. A large amount of money is being invested to create a system that can function far more efficiently and at a much less time than a normal human being. Be it an educational institute, a manufacturing firm, a government office, or a research organization; AI finds its application in every field.

IMPORTANCE OF AI IN PHARMACY

    According to a U.S. News survey that was carried out on 150 professionals, pharmacists are the 13th best-paid professionals. The job of a pharmacist, for decades, has been to ensure that the prescriptions that are received by the pharmacy are filled with the right medicine in the right amount and to also ensure that in case of multiple medications, the medicines do not show any adverse drug-drug interactions
This is where AI becomes a boon for pharmaceutical companies. AI reduces the time that is needed for drug development & in turn, it reduces the costs that are associated with drug development, enhances the returns on investment and may even cause a decrease in cost for the end user.

   The major benefit of AI is that it is much more superior to humans in analyzing data and it can analyze large number of data that would normally not fit into any of the conventional computers. AI is being mostly used in research areas currently. processing power of AI is greater than any other tools available at anyone’s disposal and in research, especially on gene mutation; it can go through piles of data and pick out the necessary information.

                                               

AI IN DRUG DISCOVERY

     Klopman introduced a new program to study the structure activity relationship (SAR) of organic molecules. The program meant for structure evaluation is computer-automated, and it recognizes structures of molecules from the KLN code, which is a linear coding routine of the molecule, automatically and then further identifies, tabulates, and analyzes biophores, which are substructures that are actually responsible for the biological activity of the molecules, statistically.

    Cherkasov et al. came up with the idea to prepare small peptides having broad-spectrum antibiotic activity using information on chemical biology that has been accumulated. With the use of peptide array technology and utilizing the composition of the amino acid of the peptides that are more active, they randomly prepared two large libraries of 9-amino-acid peptides.

     Aliper et al. recently presented a novel approach of utilizing deep neural networks (DNNs) for predicting pharmacological activities of several drugs.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

        The AI is slowly becoming a very integral part of pharmaceutical industry as well as health-care team. With innumerable researches being carried out throughout the world to improve the efficiency of manufacturing and other health-care related activities, researchers are looking into the prospect of employing AI for every activities carried out. The AI tools like Watson for oncology, tug robot and robotic pharmacy has changed the face of the profession considerably. These tools are capable of functioning at a much faster rate and the chances of error that may occur with the use of these tools are negligible This is good news from the point of view of productivity and efficiency. AI not only increases efficiency but also minimizes errors that are much more frequent when a human is handling the task. This in turn will mean a reduced wastage, better quality of product, and a larger profit margin for companies. This is one of the prime reasons why the industry is getting more and more technologically advanced day by day.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE :THE ULTIMATE VERSION OF HUMAN BRAIN